What Are the Types of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems

What Are the Types of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems

According to different applications, solar photovoltaic power generation systems are generally divided into five types: grid-connected power generation systems, off-grid power generation systems, off-grid energy storage systems, grid-connected energy storage systems, and multi-energy hybrid micro-grid systems.

1. Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system

Photovoltaic grid-connected system consists of photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic grid-connected inverters, photovoltaic meters, loads, bidirectional meters, grid-connected cabinets and grids. Photovoltaic modules generate direct current from sunlight and convert it into alternating current for loads and grids. There are two main modes of grid-connected photovoltaic system, one is “spontaneous self-use, surplus electricity grid”, the other is “full grid grid”.

Generally, the distributed photovoltaic power generation system mainly adopts the mode of “spontaneous self-use and surplus electricity connected to the grid”. The electricity generated by solar cells is given priority to the load. When the load is not exhausted, the excess electricity is sent to the grid. The photovoltaic system can supply power to the load at the same time.

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2. Off-grid photovoltaic power generation system

The off-grid photovoltaic power generation system operates independently without relying on the grid. It is generally used in remote mountainous areas, areas without electricity, islands, communication base stations and street lights. The system generally consists of photovoltaic modules, solar controllers, inverters, batteries, loads, etc. The off-grid power generation system converts solar energy into electrical energy when there is sunlight, and the solar energy controls the inverter integrated machine to supply power to the load and charge the battery at the same time; when there is no sunlight, the battery supplies power to the AC load through the inverter.

It is very practical for areas without grids or areas with frequent power outages.

3. Off-grid photovoltaic energy storage system

Off-grid photovoltaic power generation systems are widely used in places where there are frequent power outages, or where photovoltaics are self-contained and cannot be used to connect surplus electricity to the grid, and the price of self-consumption electricity is much more expensive than that of on-grid electricity, and the price of peak electricity is much more expensive than that of valley electricity.

The system consists of photovoltaic modules, solar energy and off-grid all-in-one machine, battery, load, etc. The photovoltaic array converts solar energy into electrical energy when there is light, and supplies power to the load through the solar control inverter integrated machine, and at the same time charges the battery; when there is no light, the battery supplies power to the solar control inverter integrated machine, and then supplies power to the AC power supply to the load.

Compared with the grid-connected power generation system, the system adds a charge-discharge controller and a battery. When the grid is out of power, the photovoltaic system can continue to work, and the inverter can be switched to an off-grid working mode to supply power to the load.

4. Grid-connected energy storage photovoltaic power generation system

The grid-connected energy storage photovoltaic power generation system can store excess power generation and increase the proportion of self-generation and self-use. The system consists of photovoltaic modules, solar controllers, batteries, grid-connected inverters, current detection devices, loads, etc. When the solar power is less than the load power, the system is powered by the solar energy and the grid together. When the solar power is greater than the load power, part of the solar power supplies power to the load, and part of it stores the inexhaustible electricity through the controller.

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5. Microgrid system

Microgrid is a new type of network structure, which is a power distribution network composed of distributed power sources, loads, energy storage systems and control devices. The distributed energy can be converted into electrical energy on the spot, and then supplied to the local load nearby. Microgrid is an autonomous system capable of self-control, protection and management, which can be connected to the external grid or run in isolation.

Microgrid is an effective combination of various types of distributed power sources to achieve complementary energy sources and improve energy utilization. It can fully promote the large-scale access of distributed power and renewable energy, and realize the highly reliable supply of various energy forms for the load. It is an effective way to realize the active distribution network, and it is the transition from the traditional grid to the smart grid.

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